The key ingredients are listed below:

 L-Arginine AKG Extract: The fastest-acting NO precursor in the formula. L-arginine plays a crucial role in the production of nitric oxide. Under normal conditions, L-arginine is metabolized by NOS, producing NO and L-citrulline, which have favorable effects on endothelial function and cardiovascular health. The 2:1 AKG extract is specifically formulated for enhanced bioavailability — allowing more active arginine to reach the bloodstream rapidly for immediate NO-mediated vasodilation in cerebral blood vessels.

 L-Arginine: The direct substrate for endothelial nitric oxide production. L-arginine is an essential amino acid and the main precursor of nitric oxide released from vascular endothelium. In acute human studies, oral supplementation of L-arginine results in improvement of endothelium-dependent vasodilation — including in cerebral arteries that supply oxygen and glucose to memory and cognition centers.

 L-Citrulline HCL: The sustained NO precursor with superior bioavailability over standalone arginine. NO is a signaling molecule responsible for vasodilation, glucose uptake, mitochondrial respiration, calcium handling, and muscle contractility. L-citrulline is converted to L-arginine in the kidneys, sustaining plasma arginine levels and NO production for hours after supplementation. Research suggests better cerebral blood flow supported through L-Citrulline may support cognitive performance in older adults.

 L-Citrulline Malate: The dual-action brain energy and NO support ingredient. L-Citrulline Malate combines citrulline’s sustained NO-boosting properties with malic acid — a Krebs cycle intermediate that supports cellular ATP production directly. For brain health, this dual action is particularly meaningful: the brain’s neurons are among the most energetically demanding cells in the body, and adequate ATP supply is fundamental to memory formation, information processing, and sustained concentration.

 Beta-Alanine: The formula’s neuroprotective ingredient through carnosine elevation. Beyond its well-known role in muscle endurance, Beta-Alanine raises carnosine — a dipeptide found not only in muscle tissue but also in the brain, where it functions as an endogenous antioxidant and anti-glycation agent. Research documents carnosine’s role in protecting neurons from reactive oxygen species and advanced glycation end products, both of which accumulate in aging brain tissue and are associated with cognitive deterioration. Substantial evidence from clinical trials demonstrates that beta-alanine supplementation effectively augments carnosine concentrations, with benefits extending beyond athletic populations to clinical cohorts experiencing age-related deterioration.

 Niacin (Vitamin B3): The secondary vasodilation amplifier. Niacin (B3) as a B vitamin broadly supports neurological health. Beyond its neurological role, Niacin’s prostaglandin-mediated vasodilatory action in peripheral and cerebral blood vessels provides a second, independent pathway for cerebrovascular support — complementing the NO-mediated vasodilation of the arginine/citrulline complex. Niacin also participates in NAD+ synthesis, which is fundamental to mitochondrial energy production in neurons.